Epidemiology[edit]
editInfant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is the leading cause of death in premature infants.[1] Despite only 1% of all birth complications being attributed to respiratory distress syndrome, there is a significantly higher prevalence in prematurely born babies. [2] Incidence rates of IRDS in premature infants born at 30 weeks of gestational age (GA) are at 50%, and rise even higher to 93% for infants born prematurely at 28 weeks of gestational age or younger. [2] IRDS is diagnosed within hours of delivery and usually leads to morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. There are many risk factors that can potentially cause IRDS. The most common risks factors that can potentially cause IRDS include male gender, white race, late preterm delivery, maternal diabetes, perinatal hypoxia (exposure to low oxygen) and ischemia (decreased blood flow), and low birth weight.[3] Seventy percent of babies diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome are born between 29 and 34 weeks of gestational age and are 55% more likely to be male.[2] A study conducted at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network studied premature infants born between 22 to 37 weeks and the outcomes leading to IRDS. This study was conducted from 2002 to 2008. The incidence rate of IRDS for 24 weeks was 98%, for 34 weeks the incidence is 5%, and for 37 weeks the incidence rate was less than 1%. The results demonstrate that the incidence of IRDS increases with decreasing age at birth.[4]
According to a study from the University of Miami's Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatology, from the time range of 2003 to 2014, respiratory distress syndrome prevalence jumped from 170 per 1000 preterm live births to 360 per 1000 preterm live births nationwide in the United States.[5] This study population's duration under hospital care averaged 32 days in 2003, increasing by nearly a week to 38 days in 2014. [5] Additionally, this study yielded average prevalence rates of 260 cases per 1000 livebirths from the years of 2003 to 2014,[5] which coincided with the results yielded by a report from the Vermont Oxford Network in 2008 of 300 per 1000 livebirths. [6]
 | This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution.
If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |
References
edit- ^ Dyer, Janet (2019). "Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Tackling A Worldwide Problem". Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 44 (1): 12–14. ISSN 1052-1372. PMC 6336202. PMID 30675087.
- ^ a b c Stoll, B. J.; Hansen, N. I.; Bell, E. F.; Shankaran, S.; Laptook, A. R.; Walsh, M. C.; Hale, E. C.; Newman, N. S.; Schibler, K.; Carlo, W. A.; Kennedy, K. A. (2010-09-01). "Neonatal Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants From the NICHD Neonatal Research Network". PEDIATRICS. 126 (3): 443–456. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2959. ISSN 0031-4005. PMC 2982806. PMID 20732945.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Li, Yan; Wang, Weijing; Zhang, Dongfeng (2019). "Maternal diabetes mellitus and risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis". Acta Diabetologica. 56 (7): 729–740. doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01327-4. ISSN 1432-5233. PMID 30955125.
- ^ Smith, P. Brian; Ambalavanan, Namasivayam; Li, Lei; Cotten, C. Michael; Laughon, Matthew; Walsh, Michele C.; Das, Abhik; Bell, Edward F.; Carlo, Waldemar A.; Stoll, Barbara J.; Shankaran, Seetha (2012). "Approach to infants born at 22 to 24 weeks' gestation: relationship to outcomes of more-mature infants". Pediatrics. 129 (6): e1508–1516. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2216. ISSN 1098-4275. PMC 3362905. PMID 22641761.
- ^ a b c Donda, Keyur; Vijayakanthi, Nandini; Dapaah‐Siakwan, Fredrick; Bhatt, Parth; Rastogi, Deepa; Rastogi, Shantanu (2019-01-20). "Trends in epidemiology and outcomes of respiratory distress syndrome in the United States". Pediatric Pulmonology. 54 (4): 405–414. doi:10.1002/ppul.24241. ISSN 8755-6863.
- ^ Horbar, Jeffrey D.; Soll, Roger F.; Edwards, William H. (2010). "The Vermont Oxford Network: A Community of Practice". Clinics in Perinatology. 37 (1): 29–47. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2010.01.003. ISSN 0095-5108.